ABSTRACT
As childhood is considered to be the infrastructure for growth and progress, experiencing misconduct may leave behind a heritage of imbalance and unrest which may be manifested in any situation in some form of mental disorder [neurotic attack]. This problem leads to physical and mental disorder in children and inflicts heavy social and economic damages to the society. This research aims at evaluating the impact of education, based on BASNEF model, on maternal attitude towards child abuse. The current research is based on an interventional study on 95 mothers referred to the Shahrekord health center. They were randomly selected and divided into two groups of test and control, and education was conducted in four sessions based on structures of BASNEF model. Finally their obtained information was analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square statistical tests. The mean score in beliefs was 77.73 +/- 7.27, attitudes 87.01 +/- 8.1, subjective norms 85.55 +/- 8.4 and enabling factors 82.77-4:10.64 in the test group. There was a significant difference in the average marks of the structures of the BASNEF model [beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors] between the control and intervention groups after the training process. Model-based training has a positive effect on improving attitudes; therefore, instead of traditional methods, applying a planned training program is suggested so that its effects can be reliable
ABSTRACT
To assess the Mustard gas exposure effects on pulmonary system, particularly on diffusing capacity for lung carbon monoxide [DLCO] and simple spirometry. Sixty-five sulfur mustard- poisoned soldiers from Mostazafan and Janbazan organization were referred to our center in 2005. Complete history, physical examination, chest X ray, Echocardiography, Arterial blood gas, high - resolution computerized tomography, diffusion capacity for lung carbon monoxide and spirometry of these were performed and compared this result with normal value. The mean value of indices in studied injured subjects was: Spirometry: forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] = 70.4, Forced vital capacity [FVC] = 66.5, EFE 25-75=81.1, FEV1/FVC=101.9, Flow 25% = 28.7, Flow 50%= 72.9, Flow 75%= 100.1, Sample volume: Functional residual capacity of lungs [FRC] = 131.5, residual volume [RV] = 157.3, RV/TLC= 169.1, Total lung capacity [TLC] = 91.3, KCO= 131.6, TLCO= 116.3. No significant correlation was observed between TLCO values with HRCT, echocardiography, ABG and spirometry values [P>0.05]. We recommend TLCO and RV/TLV tests to assess severity of Injuries as there is no a suitable criterion to measure the real consequences of mustard gas on affected combatants and Biological markers are also needed to determine cause- effect relations
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Blood-Air Barrier , Mustard Gas , Chemical Warfare , Gas Poisoning , Military Personnel , Carbon Monoxide , Respiratory Function Tests , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Bacterial infection is one of the several important causes of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]. Antibiotic resistance has increased in all the major pathogens. The objective of this study was investigate frequency of drug resistance of species from LRTs. This cross sectional study was performed in Hajar hospital of shahrekord-Iran. Protected brush samples were obtained from the lower respiratory tract by bronchoscopy in both hospitalized and ambulatory 54 COPD patients with exacerbations yield. The in vitro susceptibilities of the isolates to 6 antimicrobial agents were then determined by the broth microdilution test. Among the s. pneumonia isolates tested 5.9% and 94.1% were intermediate and high level resistant to penicillin and ampicillin respectively. 58.8% of isolates were erythromycin resistance. H.influenzae isolates were 100% resistance to penicillin and ampicillin. Antibiotics are an important part of the treatment of COPD, suggesting that every effort should be made to conserve sensitivity of antibiotic by using them appropriately
ABSTRACT
Lp[a] is recognized as an independent risk factor for premature atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. In renal failure, studies revealed an increase in plasma concentration of Lp[a], present study aimed to evaluate the effects of plasma Lp[a] levels on early structural atherosclerotic vascular changes in a group of end-stage renal failure patients under regular hemodialysis. Sixty one unselected patients with end-stage renal disease [ESRD], undergoing maintenance hemodialysis treatment between September 2002 and December 2003 were examined, serum lipoprotein[a] was measured, using B-mode ultrasonography carotid-intimae-media thickness [IMT] measured as well as carotid-femoral plaques [plaque score] were determined. Total patients [23 females, 38 males] consist 50 non-diabetic hemodialysis patients [20 females, 30 males], and 11 diabetic hemodialysis patients [3 females, 8 males]. Mean +/- SD of Lp[a] of total patients were 58.5 +/- 19 mg/dl, for diabetic group were 62 +/- 12.3 mg/dl and for non-diabetic group were 57.7 +/- 20 mg/dl. In this study there were, more thickening of intimae-media complex in diabetic group, positive association of plaque score with ages and DM, positive correlation of carotid-IMT with carotid-femoral plaque score, positive correlation of serum Lp[a] with carotid-IMT and carotid-femoral plaque score. No significant difference of Lp[a] between diabetic and non-diabetic HD patients was found. Diabetic hemodialysis patients had more accelerated atherosclerosis, lipoprotein[a] as a non-traditional factor in progression of atherosclerosis, can have a role in acceleration of rapid progressive atherosclerosis seen in these patients